Modern Political Thoery and Liberalism Essay - 1040 Words

Modern Political Thoery and Liberalism The subject given for this paper was to â€Å"assess the alienation from liberalism found in modern and contemporary political theory.† To be honest, I don’t see a correlation with alienating liberalism and modern political thought through the time line of political theory in the 18th and19th century and through the 20th century. So, for this paper, I will prove the opposite. I will show, in my opinion, how the rise of liberalism has kept alive modern and contemporary political thought and action. I will begin with what I know of the beginning of liberal ideas and move through time showing how these liberal movements have been the basis for major changes in countries and that liberalism, in my†¦show more content†¦This unprecedented growth and profit was another social change that occurred during the Industrial Revolution. The laissez-faire method taken by the government permitted to thrive. This allowed the wealthy, middle-class owners to pursue whichever path was most profitable because no government action was taken against this harsh treatment of workers. Before the Report, governments were averse to the implementation of reforms based on their strict policy of laissez-faire the government found this sacred. Citizens claimed â€Å"human rights† and â€Å"natural rights† they began to rebel, breaking into factories and destroying hundreds of them in the span of a few weeks. After this outcry and revolt of many citizens, the British government was forced to act. In the future many changes were made due to the social and working conditions in Britain. Politics separated from the electoral system due to the effects of the Industrial Revolution on. Guided by the political notion of liberalism in the 18th century this meant a new age in British politics, which continued through the Industrial Revolution. The industrialization of Europe, like the French Revolution, left a permanent mark on society. Changes such as the Health and Morals Apprentices Act, where 12 hours of work a day was all that was allowed with no night shifts and employers were to provide education and the Factory Act where women and children of the ages 13-18 could not work more than 12

Biography Of Christopher Columbus And The Viking Leif...

The history of America did not begin with the pilgrims landing at Plymouth in 1620, rather centuries before. In 1000 AD, the Viking Leif Erikson settled land in North America, and in the centuries to come Europeans dreamed of finding a route that would bring them to the fabled treasures of Asia. Christopher Columbus, an explorer from Italy, believed he had found such a western sea route to Asia in 1492, when in reality he had discovered North America. Europeans followed Spain’s lead to settle the New World after hearing of the riches and natural resources that the land brought. In the late 16th century, Queen Elizabeth I of England hired Sir Humphrey Gilbert and Sir Walter Raleigh to settle land for England. After several failed attempts,†¦show more content†¦He picked this area after studying the first-hand accounts of French and Spanish explorers, such as Juan Pardo who found in the Carolinas fertile land and precious stones and metals. Sir Walter Raleigh after hi s research became confident after his research that he would be able to fulfill his promise to the queen. The two men who Raleigh sent to the New World were Captains Amadas and Simon Ferdinando. On July 4th of 1584, they reached the southern tip of the Outer Banks, which is off the coast of what is now North Carolina. The islands, which stretched some 120 miles, were claimed as England’s on the 13th. Amadas and Barlow spent five weeks in exploration and interaction with the Native Americans. They deemed in their report of findings that island of Roanoke would be ideal for a settlement because it had plenty of fish, game and vegetation, good soil, and was a secure location hidden from passing ships. In addition, the local Roanoac were friendly and established trade with them. The men sailed back to England with their glowing account, and Raleigh, thoroughly convinced and pleased, decided that he would name the land Virginia after the Queen. As a result, he was elevated to kn ighthood, and prepared for the next step in colonization. Although Amadas and Barlowe reported that the Roanoke â€Å"earth bringeth forth all things in abundance, as in

Health Disparities in Canada

Question: Discuss about the Health Disparities in Canada. Answer: Introduction Canada is a plural society made up of people from diverse racial, ethnic, political, gender, age, religious, cultural, and geographical diversities. Each of these differences, in one way or the other, directly and indirectly impact on the accessibility, quality, equality, equity, and outcome of healthcare services in the country. Health is a very complex phenomenon that is affected by a wide range of social, economic, political, and cultural factors. If it were not so, there would not be any differences in healthcare services across the nation. This paper presents a candid discussion on the cultural practices that generate beneficial and harmful outcomes in health in the country. Cultural Beliefs and the Impacts on Health Outcomes As clearly outlined in the Volume 21 of the Journal of Transitional Nursing, a society like Canada can be sub-divided along the racial, ethnic, political, gender, age, religious, cultural, and geographical lines. This justifies why there are Christians, Muslims, Aboriginals, Non-Aboriginals, Canadians, immigrants, males, females, adults, elderly, and children (Sgan-Cohen, et al., 2013). As obviously expected, each of these diversities has a direct impact on healthcare outcomes in the country. In this paper, I would like narrow down my discussion into ethnicity. Personally, I am an immigrant Arab from Saudi Arabia. I am young girl who is affiliated to an Islamic culture. This is what distinguishes me from other people in Canada. Our culture and socio-economic status has been playing a significant role in determining the health status of our community as far as healthcare is concerned. The Asians have certain practices, traditions and beliefs that are exclusively unique to them (Di Cesare, et al., 2013). As a community, we have a unique way in which we view healthcare. Just like any other community in Canada, our perception to and understanding of diseases, treatment, medication, death and other forms of medical intervention is deeply rooted in our culture. As Asians, we have, for a very long time, been engaged in practices like smoking and alcoholism. These have negatively impacted on health outcomes amongst the community members. For example, dangerous behaviors like smoking have caused a lot of problems to the smokers and non-smokers (Ferrazzi Krupa, 2016). For a very long time, smoking has been considered as a serious issue of health concern not only amongst the Asians, but in the entire nation. Through smoking, people have contracted diseases such as lung cancer, cirrhosis, and many more. Smoking also leads to ostracism, skin discoloration, facial wrinkles, odor, and coughing. Research has proven that smoking is a very dangerous behavior. Non-smokers are also exposed to dangers through secondary smoking (Hoyland, 2014). Worse still; the dangers of smoking can be transmitted to the unborn children whose parents are engaged in smoking activities. Such children end up developing congenital conditions like deformity. The other activity that has negatively impacted on the health of the Arabs is alcoholism. Although alcoholism is not allowed by the Muslim culture, the practice of alcoholism has been, for a very long time, associated with the Arabs (Hoyland, 2014). Just like any other Canadian, Asians engage in alcoholism because of peer pressure, exposure, and lifestyle. Some people believe that alcohol can be used to remove stress. However, the consumption of alcohol is not a good practice because it leads to addiction. The addicted alcoholics have suffered in many ways (Hajizadeh, Campbell Sarma, 2014). A part from contracting diseases like cancer, alcoholism has resulted into economic problems as well as acquisition of anti-social behaviors in the community. It is therefore obvious that alcoholism is a bad practice that negatively impacts on the health of the Asians. On the other hand, there are certain cultural beliefs that positively impact on the quality of healthcare outcomes amongst the Asians. Such practices include belief in the preventive care, physical fitness, birth control. Although it was not done before, the Arabs are now embracing modernity. They not only take their children to school, but also go to the hospitals. Even if their location in the remote rural areas has been hindering accessibility to healthcare facilities, the Asians are nowadays using modern healthcare services to address a myriad of health challenges they have. This has enabled them to use modern-day drugs, treatments, laboratory tests, and engage in birth control, physical exercises, hygiene, and protected sexual intercourse (Hsieh, 2014). These practices have been helping to improve the quality of life of the Asians. For instance, engagement in physical exercises has been instrumental in fighting lifestyle diseases like childhood obesity and diabetes which have be en so rampant amongst the indigenous communities. Health Disparity amongst the Asians Research has established that there exists a huge gap in the health status of the indigenous and non-indigenous communities across the nation. The Arab community faces many challenges. When compared with the rest of the nation, the Asians have a higher level of contamination, lifestyle, nutrition, chronic, and communicable diseases such as poisoning; chronic renal infections; diabetes; mental illness; cancer; stunted growth, just to mention, but a few (Hoyland, 2014). The Arabs also have lower life expectancy and higher rates of child mortality, and deaths. All these are attributed to the socio-cultural status of the Asians in the country. The Asians have to be worse-off health-wise because of their vulnerability. Most of the cultural beliefs and traditions expose them to numerous diseases. For example, low level of education should be blamed for the communitys inability to acquire quality modern care as well as engagement in healthy lifestyles (Almutairi, McCarthy Gardner, 2014). Conclusion The diverse nature of the Canadian society is characterized by the existence of people from different racial, ethnic, religious, cultural, political, and economic backgrounds. As an immigrant Asian, I would like to acknowledge that there is a big disparity in the health outcomes between my community and the rest of the nation. The Asians has a higher rate of diseases, mortality, and low life expectancy thanks to the communitys social, economic, political isolation that has compelled it into harmful practices like smoking and alcoholism. However serious the situation is, a lot of measures can be taken to ultimately address it. References Almutairi, A.F., McCarthy, A. Gardner, G.E. (2014). Understanding Cultural Competence in a Multicultural Nursing Workforce Registered Nurses Experience in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, p.1043659614523992. Di Cesare, M., et al. (2013). Inequalities in non-communicable diseases and effective responses. The Lancet, 381(9866), 585-597. Ferrazzi, P., Krupa, T. (2016). Symptoms of something all around us: Mental health, Inuit culture, and criminal justice in Arctic communities in Nunavut, Canada. Social Science Medicine, 165, 159-167. Hajizadeh, M., Campbell, M. K., Sarma, S. (2014). Socioeconomic inequalities in adult obesity risk in Canada: trends and decomposition analyses. The European Journal of Health Economics, 15(2), 203-221. Hoyland, R. G. (2014). In God's path: the Arab conquests and the creation of an Islamic empire. New York: Oxford University Press, USA. Hsieh, N. (2014). Explaining the mental health disparity by sexual orientation: The importance of social resources. Society and Mental Health, 4(2), 129-146. Sgan-Cohen, H.D., et al. (2013). IADR Global Oral Health Inequalities Research Agenda (IADR-GOHIRA) A Call to Action. Journal of dental research, 92(3), 209-211.

Health Care Environment Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Health Care Environment and Leadership Skill. Answer: Introduction: Health care environment has become very complex and demanding and in such situation, it has become necessary to develop future nurse leaders. However, the current challenge innursing is that despite recognition of the need for future leaders, very few graduate nurses focus on developing leadership skills. In the future, the growing demand and needs for service will create new challenges in the health delivery system. The generational cohort of nurse leaders will retire and young graduate are expected to fill those position by 2020 (Dyess, Sherman Chiang-Hanisko, 2016). Hence, newly placed graduate nurse have the opportunity to extend their role and engage in effective communication and teamwork with other health care professionals to successfully emerge as a leader in the long run. In the daily practice of a graduate nurse, leadership skills is demonstrated by activities like coordinating with team of nurses and support on duty, managing challenging situations, supporting staff on d uty and striving to promote the successful operation of the shift (Blair, 2015). This report gives an understanding of the methods by which graduate nurse can show leadership skills in complex situation by the analysis of the case scenario of Ms. A, a newly graduate nurse has to take control over ICU unit issues. 5R explaining the scenario: Reporting: While working as an EEN in the hospital, I got to see the unique leadership challenges faced by Ms. A, a newly placed graduate nurse who was in charge of the intensive care. While being assigned to the duty of managing successful operation in the intensive care unit, many challenges confronted her. The first challenge was that in the morning shift, adequate number of nurse was not present and performing assignment in the absence of two nurses created high workload for other nurses. The main issue for the nurses in the shift was that majority of the patients were on ventilators and in such situation, nurses required extra help while conducting the task of vocative infusion to support blood pressure of patient. Another issue for the nurse in charge of the ICU ward was that there were lot of nurse managers on the unit but no one bothered to help the nurse and they were busy with their own paper works. The nurse manager has a critical role in health care setting. They need to juggle and manage patient care issues, staffs concerns, supply inadequacies and other institutional issues (Kath et al., 2013). However, no such initiative was taken bynursing managers in the intensive care ward in the case scenario. Responding: In such situation, I believe that acting in a calm way is not possible for any newly placed graduate nurse. They are most likely to become nervous and develop anxiety, however Ms. A was calm and confident in her decision making. As an EEN, I feel that nurse managers must support the nurses in shift if they face any issues in the delivery of care issues (Roche et al., 2015). However based on my experience so far in my duty, I have found that instead of supporting thenursing staff by means of negotiation with other health care staffs, they often blame the nurse for not prioritizing the task carefully. However, I feel that if there is shortage of nurse in particular shift, it is not the fault of the nurse and the nurse managers should come forward to support nurses in such situation. In the context of the reaction of Ms. A, in this situation, I was amazed to find that instead of attacking nurse managers, she handled the situation maturely and decided to apply her graduate level course i n team work and communications in this situation. She was highly successful in displaying leadership skills too. Relating I find Ms. As decision to be very effective because unnecessary questioning and interrogation with the nurse managers would have made the situation more worse and affected the nursing assignment and patient safety process. However, engaging in a polite conversation with nurse managers was the most appropriate step considering the unit situation and the immediate requirement to complete nurse assignments in the ICU ward safely. Ms. As action is commendable because she understood the gravity of the situation and the need to manage and resolve conflict despite being newly placed to nursing practice. She displayed leadership skills to identify and effectively respond to the challenge. She actualized her role in the practice environment and used her training in team work and communication to good use in actual practice (Dyess Sherman, 2011). I feel that greater coordination of care across health care staff and across health care setting improves patient outcome, quality of care and reduc es extra spending due to adverse events. Nurses are best positioned to lead in a transformative health care environment (Salmond Echevarria, 2017). Ms A. responded well in her duty as ICU nurse in charge and displayed exceptional leadership and team work skills. Reasoning: The main issue experience by Ms. A in the scenario was the lack of coordination and team work between the nurse managers and the nursing staff in the ICU ward. Although nursing managers have the responsibility to manage staffs concerns too, but they paid more importance to their own paper work. Such non collaborative action among team members impedes safety, restricts full participation of team and undermines team work (Salmond Echevarria, 2017). Ms. A realized these issues in ICU ward unit and went against reprimanding the nurse manager because this would have again perpetuated the dysfunctional culture. Nurse Managers would have expressed resentment and negative behavior would have blocked the progress towards the completing the task successfully. However, Ms. As decision to engage in polite conversation and explaining the nurse manager that their expertise is needed at that time had a positive impact on the nurse manager. The use of communication skills helped Ms. A to increase c reative thinking in the team, make staffs aware about sensible action in the situation and resolve conflicts (Amestoy et al., 2014). Hence, communication and leadership skills can support graduate nurse to mitigate interpersonal conflict and direct all staffs to work for the same goal. Reconstructing Based on the final outcome of using polite conversation and communication skills to changes the nurse managers action of supporting nurse in complex care environment like ICU, I can say that taking training in team work was an important step by Ms. A. This is reflective of the nurse desire to develop as a leader in the future. I also aim to expand my professional competency in leadership skills so that I can contribute to management of conflicts and handling leadership role in the future. To create a healthier work environment, my goal is to develop strong connection with front line staff and closely observe my nursing managers to see how they manage complex health operations and address challenges faced by staffs and ultimately achieve quality care (Grossman Valiga, 2016).. Evidence also proves that nurse who work with nurse manager preceptors develop positive appreciation for leadership activities in daily routine (Dyess et al., 2016). Strategies: For the critical reflection on professional practice, the topic of developing leadership qualities in graduate nurse was specifically taken because there is lack of experience nursing leaders, however graduate nurse need to acquire the leadership role in the future after the retirement of senior nurse. Young graduate nurse pay less attention to succession strategies and developing leadership skills today (Sherman et al., 2015). Hence, when they are assigned a task like that of managing complex care environment like ICU (in the Ms. A case scenario), they fail miserably and contribute to negative outcome in health care environment. There is great expectation from generation Y nurse to take up the leadership role in the future (Sherman et al., 2015). Hence, all graduate nurse must identify and develop strategies to develop leadership role and maintain the team dynamic in health care environment. One of the strategies that graduate nurse can employ to demonstrate leadership skills is to take mandatory training in management responsibilities and skills for specialized department of health care. This can make them aware about professional obligation to adhere to organizational policies, develop confidence in risk management and coordinating with multi-professional health care team (Sherman et al., 2013). Leadership competencies can lead to the development of helpful behavior in nurses such as motivating followers to actively engage in quality control and patient safety process, clearly communicating expected standards of care and ensuring effective resource utilization (Pollard Wild, 2014). Apart from personal efforts by graduate nurse, role of organization is also important to retain nurse and enhance their motivation for accepting the leadership role. This is because lack of opportunities for upward mobility, experiences of stereotyping and inflexible organizational culture are the reasons for nurse not preferring leadership roles (Keys, 2014). Hence, to support graduate nurse in their leadership role, organization must take the responsibility to prepare the nurses for the clinical leadership role. Another useful succession planning strategy for the Gen Y nurse may include tailoring mentoring efforts according to the specific generation (Keys, 2014). Another strategy that graduate nurse can employ in their preparation for the leadership role is to focus on communication skills targeted towards team work. This is extremely important for lateral integration of care and conflict management. One of the important steps to bridge the gap between individual and other colleagues or support staffs is to maintain clear communication with all stakeholders and building strong relationship with them. This can increase coordination of care across setting and help reduce fragmentation and lapses in health care delivery (Bender, Connelly, Brown, 2013). Ms. A was also found to use communication skills effectively to motivate the nurse manager to change their attitude and accept the need to support the staffs. Hence, professionally competent communication skills can help graduate nurse to easily transition to the leadership role and manage group processes regarding patient care. One of the important roles of nursing leader is to engage in difficult conversation with stakeholders and facilitate effective team work in health care process. However, team dynamic is affected when senior and managerial level staff does no coordinate with junior staffs to promote efficiency in the care process. Ms. A also experienced similar issues while taking in charge of the ICU unit. The best strategy to demonstrate leadership skills in such situation is to collaborate with team members to make them aware about their role and striving to build cohesive relationship with staff instead of interrogating and responding. Taking time out to identify their needs and concerns also reduces conflicts and motivates the team to work towards the common goal of quality care and patient safety. Supervised learning can also foster emotional intelligence and support nurse leaders to use motivational strategies to changes the attitude of demotivated staffs (Waite Brooks, 2014). Conclusion: From the critical reflection of the challenges faced by Ms. A while in charge of the ICU unit and the method of handling teamwork issues, it can be concluded that developing leadership is critical for nurse in their succession planning. As the mature nurses are going to retire, the Gen Y nurses have to fill in the position of nursing leaders. However, very few nurses are found to accept or prepared for this role. There is a need for organization to support the nurse in developing leadership competencies and increasing their motivation to develop leadership competencies. Special training on leadership and communication skills during the starting of placement can help the nurse to become a confident leader and effectively handle complex and transforming health care environment. References Amestoy, S.C., Backes, V.M.S., Thofehrn, M.B., Martini, J.G., Meirelles, B.H.S. and Trindade, L.D.L., 2014. Conflict management: challenges experienced by nurse-leaders in the hospital environment.Revista Gacha de Enfermagem,35(2), pp.79-85. Bender, M., Connelly, C. D., Brown, C. (2013). Interdisciplinary collaboration: The role of the clinical nurse leader.Journal of Nursing Management,21(1), 165-174. Blair, K. A. (2015).Advanced practice nursing: Core concepts for professional role development. Springer Publishing Company. Dyess, M. S., Sherman, O. R., Chiang-Hanisko, L. (2016). Growing nurse leaders: Their perspectives on nursing leadership and todays practice environment.OJ Nurs. Dyess, S., Sherman, R. (2011). Developing the leadership skills of new graduates to influence practice environments: a novice nurse leadership program.Nursing administration quarterly,35(4), 313-322. Grossman, S., Valiga, T. M. (2016).The new leadership challenge: Creating the future of nursing. FA Davis. Kath, L. M., Stichler, J. F., Ehrhart, M. G., Sievers, A. (2013). Predictors of nurse manager stress: a dominance analysis of potential work environment stressors.International journal of nursing studies,50(11), 1474-1480. Keys, Y. (2014). Looking ahead to our next generation of nurse leaders: Generation X Nurse Managers.Journal of nursing management,22(1), 97-105. Pollard, C. L., Wild, C. (2014). Nursing leadership competencies: Low-fidelity simulation as a teaching strategy.Nurse education in practice,14(6), 620-626. Salmond, S. W., Echevarria, M. (2017). Healthcare Transformation and Changing Roles for Nursing.Orthopedic nursing,36(1), 12. Sherman, R. O., Saifman, H., Schwartz, R. C., Schwartz, C. L. (2015). Factors that lead Generation Y nurses to consider or reject nurse leader roles.NursingPlus Open,1, 5-10. Sherman, R., Dyess, S., Hannah, E., Prestia, A. (2013). Succession planning for the future through an academic-practice partnership: a nursing administration master's program for emerging nurse leaders.Nursing administration quarterly,37(1), 18-27. Waite, R., Brooks, S. (2014). Cultivating social justice learning leadership skills: A timely endeavor for undergraduate student nurses.Nurse education today,34(6), 890-893.